postgres@home:~$ psql -U qwerty
psql: ?????:  ???????????? "qwerty" ?? ?????? ???????? ??????????? (Peer)

postgres@home:~$ psql
psql (9.1.11)
Введите "help", чтобы получить справку.
 
postgres=# SHOW client_encoding;
 client_encoding 
-----------------
 UTF8
(1 строка)
 
postgres=# \q

postgres@home:~$ locale
LANG=ru_RU.UTF-8
LANGUAGE=
LC_CTYPE="ru_RU.UTF-8"
LC_NUMERIC="ru_RU.UTF-8"
LC_TIME="ru_RU.UTF-8"
LC_COLLATE="ru_RU.UTF-8"
LC_MONETARY="ru_RU.UTF-8"
LC_MESSAGES="ru_RU.UTF-8"
LC_PAPER="ru_RU.UTF-8"
LC_NAME="ru_RU.UTF-8"
LC_ADDRESS="ru_RU.UTF-8"
LC_TELEPHONE="ru_RU.UTF-8"
LC_MEASUREMENT="ru_RU.UTF-8"
LC_IDENTIFICATION="ru_RU.UTF-8"
LC_ALL=
postgres@home:~$ locale -a
C
C.UTF-8
POSIX
ru_RU.utf8

...
# - Locale and Formatting -
 
datestyle = 'iso, dmy'
#intervalstyle = 'postgres'
#timezone = '(defaults to server environment setting)'
#timezone_abbreviations = 'Default'     # Select the set of available time zone
                                        # abbreviations.  Currently, there are
                                        #   Default
                                        #   Australia
                                        #   India
                                        # You can create your own file in
                                        # share/timezonesets/.
#extra_float_digits = 0                 # min -15, max 3
#client_encoding = sql_ascii            # actually, defaults to database
                                        # encoding
 
# These settings are initialized by initdb, but they can be changed.
#lc_messages = 'C'
lc_messages = 'ru_RU.UTF-8'                     # locale for system error message
                                        # strings
lc_monetary = 'ru_RU.UTF-8'                     # locale for monetary formatting
lc_numeric = 'ru_RU.UTF-8'                      # locale for number formatting
lc_time = 'ru_RU.UTF-8'                         # locale for time formatting
...